2015 was another year of strong growth for the European fitness market, as the total number of health and fitness club members increased by 3.9 per cent to 52.4 million. This is one of the topline findings of the new European Health & Fitness Market Report 2016, published in April by EuropeActive in co-operation with Deloitte.

This growth was driven not only by the continued growth of less developed fitness markets like Poland, Turkey and Russia, but also by new concepts that drew in additional members in the more mature markets of western and northern Europe.

In terms of market value, total fitness club revenues increased at an even higher rate of 4.9 per cent. While this was largely driven by exchange rate effects in the UK and Switzerland, the emergence of higher priced boutique clubs and special interest gyms also played a major role.

With a total market value of €26.7bn, fitness continues to rank as the number one sports activity in Europe. Not only that, but this value makes Europe the largest fitness market in the world, ahead of the US market, which was valued by IHRSA at €23.5bn in 2015.

The key players
The European chain operators were a key driver behind the growth. Compared to the previous year, the top 30 operators increased their membership by about one million to 11 million in total. The fastest-growing companies again included a large number of discount operators, underlining not only the continued market consolidation – especially in more mature markets – but also the increasing polarisation between the discount segment and the specialist boutiques and premium operators.

The leading operator in terms of membership remains the German discount chain McFIT/High5, with an estimated 1.37 million members – an increase of around 70,000. While the number of McFit-branded clubs grew in Italy, Poland and Spain, the company also launched its new High5 concept in April 2015, with a total of 10 clubs in Germany and one in Austria by the end of 2015. High5 clubs are smaller in size and focus on functional and strength training, priced at €9.90–€34.90 a month depending on the contract type.

Dutch low-cost operator Basic-Fit ranks second by member numbers, with approximately one million members at the end of 2015, followed by British low-cost fitness chain Pure Gym. After the addition of 35 former LA fitness clubs via acquisition, as well as the opening of 37 of its own clubs, Pure Gym was the fastest-growing fitness operator in Europe by member numbers – up by 260,000 to 680,000 members in 2015.

Fast risers also include the German discount chains clever fit (+105,000) and FitX (+95,000), which is estimated to have almost doubled its membership to 200,000. Another fast-growing fitness company, British low-cost operator The Gym Group (+83,000), successfully completed an IPO on the London Stock Exchange in November 2015.

Revenue leaders
The European revenue ranking is led by British operator Virgin Active, which operates 142 clubs in Italy, Portugal, Spain and the UK with estimated total revenues of €485m in 2015. In April 2015, an 80 per cent stake in Virgin Active was acquired by South African private equity firm Brait, while 20 per cent remained with Richard Branson’s Virgin Group.

Ranking second by revenue is fellow British-based operator David Lloyd Leisure (€460m), followed by Scandinavian market leader Health & Fitness Nordic (€321m) and McFIT/High5 (€268m), as well as the British operators Fitness First (€246m) and Nuffield Health (€230m).

While three of the top 10 operators in revenue terms state annual revenues (excluding VAT) of more than €1,000 per member, three others – McFit/High5, Basic-Fit and Pure Gym – earn less than €300 annually per member.

M&A activity
Health clubs remained highly attractive to investors in 2015, from both inside and outside the industry: there were 19 M&A transactions in 2015, the same as the previous year and twice as many as two years ago.

M&A activity was also strong on the supplier side, with Precor’s takeover of Queenax in June 2015, Nautilus’ acquisition of Octane Fitness in December 2015, and Life Fitness’ purchases of SCIFIT in July 2015 and Cybex in January 2016.

Overall, 2015 was another year of strong growth for the global commercial fitness equipment industry, which has an estimated market value of €2.65bn. The five leading B2B manufacturers – Life Fitness, Technogym, Johnson Health Tech, Precor and Cybex – accounted for 72 per cent of the market and saw 14.6 per cent growth in 2015 (influenced by currency effects and the strong US dollar).

Further growth potential
Although the market has expanded rapidly in the last two years – from around 46 million members in 2013 to 52.4 million members in 2015 – growth potential remains.

While Germany (9.5 million members / €4.8bn revenue), the United Kingdom (8.8 million members / €5.6bn revenue), France (5.2 million members/ €2.4bn revenue), Italy (5.1 million members/ €2.2bn revenue) and Spain (4.9 million members/ €2.1bn revenue) already account for 64 per cent of the European market in terms of both membership and total revenues (Figure 1, p58) all five countries continue to grow and offer further potential, with penetration rates currently between 7 and 14 per cent.

This is in contrast to Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands, which have already reached penetration rates of 19.4, 16.7 and 16.4 per cent respectively.

At the same time, Turkey and Russia – with relatively large populations – have shown rapid development in the provision of fitness opportunities. Both countries still display considerable potential, with more than 47,000 inhabitants per club and penetration rates of just 2.4 per cent (Turkey) and 1.9 per cent (Russia).

The report found that penetration rates were primarily correlated to three macro-economic factors: the general physical activity of the population, a country’s gross domestic product per capita, and the degree of urbanisation – all of which positively impact fitness membership (Figure 3, p60 and Figure 4, above).

Thus, countries with a large percentage of the population exercising or doing sport (source: EU Eurobarometer 2013) – such as Sweden, Denmark and Finland – are among the leaders in terms of fitness market penetration, while less active countries like Poland or Portugal have relatively low percentages of members.

Likewise, countries with a high real GDP per capita and high degree of urbanisation – like Scandinavia and the UK – have the highest penetration rates, whereas lower ranked countries like Russia and Turkey have less developed fitness markets.

If physical activity and disposable income continue to grow, the fitness industry has a great opportunity to benefit.